Key Words for Science

:                                                                   KEY WORDS FOR SCIENCE

P5 CYCLES	Animal reproduction	Heredity Characteristics, traits, from parent to offspring, heredity, from one generation to another, both parents, reproduction, ensure continuity Reproduction in humans Sexual reproduction, fertilisation, fuses, puberty, one sperm can fertilise only one egg, develop Male reproductive system: testes/testis, penis, sperm Female reproductive system: ovaries/ovary, womb, vagina, eggs
	Plant reproduction	Pollination, transferred, fertilisation, fuse, pollen tube, develop, seed, fruit, petals wither Germination à air, water, warmth, seed leaf (food stored) Male flower part: Anther, filament, pollen grains, male sex cell Female part: Stigma, style, ovary, ovule, female sex cell Seed dispersion: scatter, competition By wind à wing-like structure, small, light By animals à fleshy OR hooks, sticky, fur of animals By splitting à light, small By water à fibrous husk, traps air, stays afloat Mosses/ferns: spores
	Water matters	States, heat gained, heat lost, melting point, melting, boiling, evaporation, freezing, freezing point, , rate, cool surface, condensation, tiny water droplets, water vapour, surrounding air, water cycle, continuous supply of fresh water, conservation Solid: Definite shape and volume Liquid: Indefinite shape, definite volume Gas: Indefinite shape and volume, compressed Factors affecting rate of evaporation: Temperature of surroundings, exposed surface area, strength of wind
P5 SYSTEMS	Cells	Basic units of life, cell division, multiply Animal cell: nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm Plant cell: nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, chloroplast Nucleus: control all activities, contains information, one generation to another Cell membrane: controls movement, materials/substances, moving in and out of cell, semi-permeable Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance, contains other cell parts Cell wall: protects, holds Chloroplast: green, chlorophyll, photosynthesis
	Air and living things	Air: mixture of gases Plants and air: stomata, life processes, oxygen, carbon dioxide, respiration, photosynthesis Fish and air: gills, gill filament, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide Respiratory system: nose, windpipe, lungs, air sacs, oxygen, blood, other part of body, carbon dioxide, water vapour Circulatory system: heart, blood, blood vessels, pump -          Heart receives OXYGENATED/OXYGEN-RICH blood from lungs and pumps to rest of the body. -          Heart receives OXYGEN POOR blood from rest of the body and pumps to lungs to be expelled. WHAT IS THE LINK BETWEEN THE RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM??
	Plant transport system	Food-carrying tubes: transport, food, leaves, all parts of the plant Water-carrying tubes: transport, water, mineral salts, roots, all part of the plant Root: anchor, ground, store food, absorb water and mineral salts Stem: hold, upright, spread out leaves, store food Leaf: make food, photosynthesis, exchange of gases, stomata Flower: reproduce, pollination Fruit: protect seeds
	Electrical systems	Sources of electricity: Power station, batteries, renewable, non-renewable Electrical circuits: switch, wire, bulb, metal casing, metal tip, battery, positive/negative terminal, open/closed circuit, complete, bulbs in series/parallel, batteries in series/parallel, brightness Factors affecting brightness of a bulb: -          Number of batteries -          Arrangement of batteries (series/parallel) -          Number of bulbs Conductors: allow electricity to pass through, metal Insulators: do not allow electricity to pass through, non-metals, protect from electric shock/ electrocuted
P4 CYCLES	Life cycle of plants and animals	Ensures survival, prevents extinction Animal life cycle: 3 stages – egg, young/nymph, adult 4 stages – egg, larva (moults), pupa, adult Plant life cycle: seed, seedling/young plant, adult plant Germination – suitable conditions, air, water, warmth, seed leaf (stored food), seedling Growing from other plant parts: -          Root (carrot, radish) -          Underground stem (onion, potato, ginger) -          Leaf (begonia)
P4 ENERGY	Heat	Sources of heat: sun, burning fuel, hair dryer Heat: amount of thermal energy Temperature: how hot/cold object is To measure heat: thermometer, data logger How heat if transferred: from HOTTER to COOLER object, gain heat, lose heat Heat gain à object EXPAND, ice MELT, water EVAPORATES Heat lost à object CONTRACT, water FREEZES, water vapour CONDENSES Conductors: pass through, good, bad
	Light	Energy: the ability to do work Sources of light Natural light: sunlight Artificial light: torchlight, like bulbs Properties: -          Light travels in a straight line -          Allows us to see when it reflects off the object and into our eyes Shadow: formed when object blocks light path Changing distance between light source and object: -          Object CLOSER to torch, shadow BIGGER -          Object FURTHER from touch, shadow SMALLER Changing position of light source à shadow can change shape Transparency: Transparent – light can pass through Translucent – partially Opaque – cannot pass through (the LIGHTER the shadow, the MORE light has passed through)
P3	Materials	Living things, non-living things Properties of different materials: suitable -          Float/sink -          Flexibility -          Strength -          hardness
	Body systems	Body systems: work together, 2 or more parts, energy, move, take in air Organ + organ = organ system Respiratory system: Mouth, nose, windpipe, lungs, exchange of gases, oxygen, remove carbon dioxide Circulatory system: Heart, blood, blood vessels, nutrients, oxygen, carries waste and carbon dioxide AWAY from all parts of body Skeletal system: Bones, work together, protect, hold up body, give shape Muscular system: Muscles, allow movement Digestive system: Teeth, tongue, mouth, saliva, gullet, stomach, small and large intestines, anus, break down, small pieces, digestion, digestive juices, absorbed HOW DO DIFFERENT SYSTEMS WORK TOGETHER FOR OUR BODY TO FUNCTION WELL??
	Magnets	Properties: -          Attract magnetic materials -          Force strongest at poles -          Opposite poles attract -          Like poles repel -          Magnet aligns at N-S direction when allowed to turn freely Magnetic materials: iron, steel, nickel, cobalt Non-magnetic materials: copper, silver, gold, aluminium, lead, rubber, wood, plastic, glass Making magnets: electricity, electromagnet, stroke ‘Stroke’ method: same direction, iron nail, attract, iron filiings, number of times Electrical method: coil, electric wire, iron nail, number of times Using magnets: magnetic strip, store information, make images/sounds, compass